Indications

Respiratory
• asthma with severe dyspnea and associated cardiac cough (i.e. tachycardia, arrhythmias)
• respiratory conditions associated with profuse mucous
- bronchitis
- pneumonia
- croup
- pertussis

Dermatologic
• chronic skin ulcers arising from poor circulation (topical application)
- stasis dermatitis
- leg ulcers
• poison ivy (rinse)

Other
• splenomegaly

Actions

• Expectorant
• Cardiac Sedative
• Antispasmodic
• Hypotensive
• Diruretic
• Splenic

Constituents

• Resin
• Saponins
• Polyphenols
• Alkaloids
• Essential Oils

Posology

• Tincture (1:5 in 60% EtOH): 1-2 ml tid
• Infusion (dry herb): 1 tsp tid

Safety

Generally considered safe when used as indicated.

Caution: Bradycardia.

High doses: May irritate the gastrointestinal tract and kidneys.

Bradycardia: Decreases heart rate.

References

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Barnes J, Anderson LA, Phillipson JD. Herbal Medicines, 3rd ed. London: Pharmaceutical Press, 2007.

Bone K. Principles and Practice of Phytotherapy. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2000.

Bone K. A Clinical Guide to Blending Liquid Herbs: Herbal Formulations for the Individual Patient. St Louis, MO: Churchill Livingstone, 2003.

Brinker F. The Toxicology of Botanical Medicines, 3rd ed. Sandy, Oregon: Eclectic Medical Publications, 2000.

Felter HW, Lloyd JU. King's American Dispensatory. 1898. http://www.ibiblio.org/herbmed/eclectic/kings/main.html. Accessed: August 19, 2006.

Hoffman D. Medical Herbalism. Rochester, Vermont: Healing Arts Press, 2003.

Weiss RF. Herbal Medicine. Beaconsfield, England: Beaconsfield Publishers Ltd, 1988.

Williamson EM, ed. Major Herbs of Ayurveda. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2002