Indications

Cardiovascular
• cardiac insufficiency
• congestive heart failure (CHF)
• edema
• tachycardia
• cardiac hypertrophy
• arrhythmias

Actions

• Cardiac Tonic
• Inotropic (Positive)
• Chronotropic (Negative)
• Diuretic

Constituents

• Cardiac Glycosides (Convallatoxin)
• Flavonoids

Posology

• Tincture: 5-30 gtt
• Liquid extract: 5-20 gtt

Safety

High doses: May cause death (due to cardiac glycosides); considered safer than digitalis. Monitor patients carefully.

References

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Barnes J, Anderson LA, Phillipson JD. Herbal Medicines, 3rd ed. London: Pharmaceutical Press, 2007.

Bone K. Principles and Practice of Phytotherapy. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2000.

Bone K. A Clinical Guide to Blending Liquid Herbs: Herbal Formulations for the Individual Patient. St Louis, MO: Churchill Livingstone, 2003.

Brinker F. The Toxicology of Botanical Medicines, 3rd ed. Sandy, Oregon: Eclectic Medical Publications, 2000.

Felter HW, Lloyd JU. King's American Dispensatory. 1898. http://www.ibiblio.org/herbmed/eclectic/kings/main.html. Accessed: August 19, 2006.

Hoffman D. Medical Herbalism. Rochester, Vermont: Healing Arts Press, 2003.

Weiss RF. Herbal Medicine. Beaconsfield, England: Beaconsfield Publishers Ltd, 1988.

Williamson EM, ed. Major Herbs of Ayurveda. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2002