Indications

Infection
• chronic infections with lymphadenopathy and persistent fever that lasts for weeks
- viral
- bacterial (typhoid)
- sepsis

Respiratory
• upper and lower respiratory infections
- colds
- tonsilitis
- sinusitis
• bronchitis

Gastrointestinal
• gargle for infections of the oral mucosa
• gingivitis
• apthous stomatitis
• halitosis
• peptic ulcer
• infectious diarrhea

Dermatologic
• skin infections especially when associated with sepsis
- gangrenous ulcer
- abscess
- cellulitis

Actions

• Antimicrobial
• Expectorant
• Carminative
• Antispasmodic
• Bitter
• Astringent
• Diuretic
• Emmenagogue
• Hypotensive
• Antiinflammatory

Constituents

• Isoflavones (E.g. Genistein)
• Quinolizidine (E.g. Baptitoxin)
• Coumarins

Posology

• Tincture (1:5 in 60% EtOH): 1 ml tid
• Decoction (dried root): 1/2-1 tsp tid

Safety

Generally considered safe when used as indicated.

References

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Barnes J, Anderson LA, Phillipson JD. Herbal Medicines, 3rd ed. London: Pharmaceutical Press, 2007.

Bone K. Principles and Practice of Phytotherapy. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2000.

Bone K. A Clinical Guide to Blending Liquid Herbs: Herbal Formulations for the Individual Patient. St Louis, MO: Churchill Livingstone, 2003.

Brinker F. The Toxicology of Botanical Medicines, 3rd ed. Sandy, Oregon: Eclectic Medical Publications, 2000.

Felter HW, Lloyd JU. King's American Dispensatory. 1898. http://www.ibiblio.org/herbmed/eclectic/kings/main.html. Accessed: August 19, 2006.

Hoffman D. Medical Herbalism. Rochester, Vermont: Healing Arts Press, 2003.

Weiss RF. Herbal Medicine. Beaconsfield, England: Beaconsfield Publishers Ltd, 1988.

Williamson EM, ed. Major Herbs of Ayurveda. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2002