Indications

Reproduction
• infertility (male)
• erectile dysfunction
• hypogonadism

Endocrine
• stress
• weight loss
• diabetes

Musculoskeletal
• osteoporosis
• athletic performance
• weight loss
• weight lifting

Infection
• dysentary
• fever
• lymphadenopathy
• parasites (malaria, toxoplasmosi )

Actions

• Male Tonic
• Phytoandrogenic
• Adaptogen
• Bitter
• Antiosteoporotic
• Antidiabetic
• Aromatase Inhbitor
• Anticancer
• Antipyretic
• Anxiolytic
• Antiinflammatory
• Anticancer
• Aromatase Inhibitor

Constituents

• Triterpenoids: Quassinoids (E.g. laurycomalactone, Eurycomalactone, Longilactone, Eurylactone, And Eurycomanone) < br > • Alkaloids (E.g. β -Carboline )

Pharmacology

• increases testosterone levels via HPA axis
• activates 17 α -hydroxylase (CYP17 enzyme)
• inhibits phosphodiesterase
• inhibits aromatase

Posology

• Recommended dose has not been established
• Typical dose:100-600mg/day (water extract)
• Acceptable daily intake (ADI) = 1.2 g/adult/day

Safety

• Generally considered safe
• Side-effects: long term consumption may beassociated with sleep apnea, facial flushing, pressure in the testicles, and hyper aggressiveness (no established yet)
• LD50 (water extract) = > 6g/kg b.w.

Note: in the past several products labelled as Tongkat Ali have been adulterated with prescription PDE5 inhibitors (i.e. viagara) in both Canada and USA.

References

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Udani JK, George AA, Musthapa M, Pakdaman MN, Abas A. Effects of a Proprietary Freeze-Dried Water Extract of Eurycoma longifolia (Physta) and Polygonum minus on Sexual Performance and Well-Being in Men: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014;2014:179529. doi: 10.1155/2014/179529. Epub 2014 Jan 12. PMCID: PMC3914427.

Tambi MI, Imran MK, Henkel RR. Standardised water-soluble extract of Eurycoma longifolia, Tongkat ali, as testosterone booster for managing men with late-onset hypogonadism? Andrologia. 2012 May;44 Suppl 1:226-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2011.01168.x. Epub 2011 Jun 15.

Tambi MI, Imran MK. Eurycoma longifolia Jack in managing idiopathic male infertility. Asian J Androl. 2010 May;12(3):376-80. doi: 10.1038/aja.2010.7. Epub 2010 Mar 29.

Talbott SM, Talbott JA, George A, Pugh M. Effect of Tongkat Ali on stress hormones and psychological mood state in moderately stressed subjects. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2013 May 26;10(1):28. doi: 10.1186/1550-2783-10-28. PubMed PMID: 23705671; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3669033.

Ismail SB, Wan Mohammad WM, George A, Nik Hussain NH, Musthapa Kamal ZM, Liske E. Randomized Clinical Trial on the Use of PHYSTA Freeze-Dried Water Extract of Eurycoma longifolia for the Improvement of Quality of Life and Sexual Well-Being in Men. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:429268. doi: 10.1155/2012/429268. Epub 2012 Nov 1. PubMed PMID: 23243445; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3518798.

Abdulghani M, Hussin AH, Sulaiman SA, Chan KL. The ameliorative effects of Eurycoma longifolia Jack on testosterone-induced reproductive disorders in female rats. Reprod Biol. 2012 Jul;12(2):247-55. PubMed PMID: 22850474.

Li CH, Liao JW, Liao PL, Huang WK, Tse LS, Lin CH, Kang JJ, Cheng YW. Evaluation of Acute 13-Week Subchronic Toxicity and Genotoxicity of the Powdered Root of Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia Jack). Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:102987. doi: 10.1155/2013/102987. Epub 2013 Aug 25. PubMed PMID: 24062779; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3767077.

Saadiah Abdul Razak H, Shuid AN, Naina Mohamed I. Combined Effects of Eurycoma longifolia and Testosterone on Androgen-Deficient Osteoporosis in a Male Rat Model. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:872406. doi: 10.1155/2012/872406. Epub 2012 Aug 9. PubMed PMID: 22924057; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3424595.

Shuid AN, El-arabi E, Effendy NM, Razak HS, Muhammad N, Mohamed N, Soelaiman IN. Eurycoma longifolia upregulates osteoprotegerin gene expression in androgen- deficient osteoporosis rat model. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2012 Sep 12;12:152. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-152. PubMed PMID: 22967165; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3493384.

Bhat R, Karim AA. Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia Jack): a review on its ethnobotany and pharmacological importance. Fitoterapia. 2010 Oct;81(7):669-79. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2010.04.006. Epub 2010 Apr 29. Review. PubMed PMID: 20434529.

Farouk AE, Benafri A. Antibacterial activity of Eurycoma longifolia Jack. A Malaysian medicinal plant. Saudi Med J. 2007 Sep;28(9):1422-4. PubMed PMID: 17768473.

Nurhanan MY, Azimahtol Hawariah LP, Mohd Ilham A, Mohd Shukri MA. Cytotoxic effects of the root extracts of Eurycoma longifolia Jack. Phytother Res. 2005 Nov;19(11):994-6. PubMed PMID: 16317660.

Chan KL, Choo CY, Abdullah NR, Ismail Z. Antiplasmodial studies of Eurycoma longifolia Jack using the lactate dehydrogenase assay of Plasmodium falciparum. J Ethnopharmacol. 2004 Jun;92(2-3):223-7. PubMed PMID: 15138004.

Bedir E, Abou-Gazar H, Ngwendson JN, Khan IA. Eurycomaoside: a new quassinoid-type glycoside from the roots of Eurycoma longifolia. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2003 Nov;51(11):1301-3. PubMed PMID: 14600377.

Kuo PC, Shi LS, Damu AG, Su CR, Huang CH, Ke CH, Wu JB, Lin AJ, Bastow KF, Lee KH, Wu TS. Cytotoxic and antimalarial beta-carboline alkaloids from the roots of Eurycoma longifolia. J Nat Prod. 2003 Oct;66(10):1324-7. PubMed PMID: 14575431.

Ang HH, Cheang HS. Studies on the anxiolytic activity of Eurycoma longifolia Jack roots in mice. Jpn J Pharmacol. 1999 Apr;79(4):497-500. PubMed PMID: 10361892.